Saturday, December 28, 2019

Examples Of Thematic Essay On The Great Gatsby - 861 Words

Ben Buono English 11-1 Ms. Gordon 11/30/17 Great Gatsby Thematic Essay A key topic in the Great Gatsby is the quest for the American dream, Can you agree? This demonstrates the prospect of the American dream, where characteristics of thorough work and expectation are shown. The novel Great Gatsby by Scott Fitzgerald symbolizes many subjects, however the most general one offers to the extortion of the American dream. The American dream is portrayed as some individual beginning low on a money related social level. And also buckling down by progress. The American dream causes deceptive nature as well as has caused annihilation. Myrtle, Gatsby, and Daisy have all been destroyed and harmed by the fantasy. The want for a rich living is the†¦show more content†¦It is ironic that Daisy was the one that killed her, since Myrtle was having an affair with her husband, Tom. This shows how the need for a lavish life and having the American dream, only initiated destruction in this novel and destroyed someones life. The desire for bliss is something that Daisy would have liked to have, yet by discovering she wedded the wrong man. At an early stage in the novel, Daisy discovers a mystery that Tom is cheating her. Jordan says, â€Å"She might have the decency not to telephone him a dinner time. Don’t you think?† (Pg.20) Tom got a call from a lady during dinner hour, and Jordan thinks that the lady is Toms, proposing that he is with another person. Tom is by all accounts harsh towards her, and rather does not appear to think much about her. Daisy supposes she has everything, riches, love and satisfaction which all tie into the American dream, however then she finds that she has nothing and that she has been ruined by this particular dream. She thought she has all she wanted for yet truly acknowledged she didnt have anything. She has a kid, who does not appear to be vital to her by any circumstance. The child is never around, which conveys a considerable detail about Daisy. That she just wedded Tom for the cash, not the affection. The green light represents great significance in this book. It becomes clear that the green light is not Daisy, but is a symbol representing Gatsby’s dream of having Daisy. The truth that Daisy falls short ofShow MoreRelated Symbolism in The Great Gatsby Essay867 Words   |  4 PagesGatsby Essay Symbols are objects, characters, figures, or colors used to represent abstract ideas or concepts. For example, a dove is usually used to represent peace. In the novel The Great Gatsby, written by F. Scott Fitzgerald, Fitzgerald uses a lot of symbolism to connect the characters with each other or to other objects. Fitzgerald’s use of symbolism helps advance his thematic interest in his novel of The Great Gatsby. In the Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald uses various colors, objectsRead More gattom Importance of the Automobile in The Great Gatsby Essay1522 Words   |  7 PagesThe Importance of the Automobile in The Great Gatsby    F. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby was written about a time of gaiety for a certain set of people. One of the major thematic aspects of the book is driving and the automobile. At the time the book was written the car had begun its establishment as a national institution. This is apparent in one of the central events in the book. Toms unfaithfulness first comes to light from a car accident in Santa Barbara. He misguides the car andRead MoreEssay about Jack Kerouac’s On The Road - The American Quest1740 Words   |  7 Pagescome to symbolize for many an entire generation of disaffected young Americans.   One can focus on numerous issues wh en addressing the novel, but the two primary reasons which make the book uniquely American are its frantic Romantic search for the great American hero (and ecstasy in general), and Kerouacs Spontaneous Prose method of writing. On The Road is an autobiographical first-person book written in 1951 and based on Kerouacs experiences of the late 1940s. At the time, America was undergoingRead MoreStudy Guide Literary Terms7657 Words   |  31 Pages AP Literary and Rhetorical Terms 1. 2. alliteration- Used for poetic effect, a repetition of the initial sounds of several words in a group. The following line from Robert Frosts poem Acquainted with the Night provides us with an example of alliteration,: I have stood still and stopped the sound of feet. The repetition of the s sound creates a sense of quiet, reinforcing the meaning of the line 3. allegory – Where every aspect of a story is representative, usually symbolicRead MoreANALIZ TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS28843 Words   |  116 Pagesthe text reveals under close examination. Any literary work is unique. It is created by the author in accordance with his vision and is permeated with his idea of the world. The reader’s interpretation is also highly individual and depends to a great extent on his knowledge and personal experience. That’s why one cannot lay down a fixed â€Å"model† for a piece of critical appreciation. Nevertheless, one can give information and suggestions that may prove helpful. PLOT The Elements of Plot When we

Friday, December 20, 2019

The Discoveries Of The Discovery Of Dna - 957 Words

The discovery of DNA is arguably one of the most important breakthroughs of genetics in the 19th and 20th centuries. Its discovery is littered with successes, failures, and even heartache. Numerous scientists are attributed to the discovery of DNA as a genetic material and even many more are also credited to the discovery of the molecule, structure, and function. Without the work of these remarkable scientists, the medical advancements over the last 50 years would not be possible. In 1865, while working with pea plants, Gregor Mendel published an article on inheritance based on his experiments with pea plant breeding. He found that inheritance is based on genes, which appear in pairs. Due to the experimental findings, he found that these pairs of genes come from both the mother and father plants and are responsible for the phenotypes exhibited by future generations. He developed the three laws of inheritance, which are: The Law of Segregation, the Law of Independent Assortment, and the Law of Dominance (Russell, 2000). The Law of Segregation states that an inherited trait is dependent on genes passed by either the mother or father that are randomly separated into each of its sex cells. The Law of Independent Assortment states that genes for each phenotype are separated from each other so that each phenotype is not dependent on one another. And finally, the Law of Dominance states that when two different genes are present the progeny with display the domi nantShow MoreRelatedThe Discovery Of The Dna1088 Words   |  5 PagesScientist Who Co-Discovered the DNA Says Our Genes Were Brought Here by Aliens Francis Crick (8 June 1916 — 28 July 2004) was an English scientist who was most noted for being a co-discoverer of the structure of the DNA molecule in 1953 alongside James D. Watson. Francis Crick Watson and Maurice Wilkins were jointly awarded the 1962 Nobel Prize for Physiology for Medicine â€Å"for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer inRead MoreThe Discovery Of Dna Testing1179 Words   |  5 Pagesspecialized tools and processes while utilizing new discoveries to aid understanding of the past. One significant advancement is the discovery of Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA). The discovery of DNA has greatly enhanced our ability to analyze ancient remains and interpret the findings within the field of archeology. To fully demonstrate the impact that DNA has brought to the field of archeology it is important to understand the historical discovery of DNA and initial integration into the field of archeologyRead MoreThe Discovery Of The Structure Of Dna1089 Words   |  5 PagesRosalind Franklin and her Contribution to the Structure of DNA Specific Purpose: To enable the audience to reflect on how Rosalind Franklin contributed to the discovery of the structure of DNA. Introduction: I. Open with Impact: Could you having a significant role in one of the greatest scientific achievements of all time, but not getting credit for it? Not only that, but constantly putting yourself in harm’s way to make this discovery, and eventually dying because of it? II. Thesis Statement:Read MoreThe Discovery Of The Dna Structure2092 Words   |  9 PagesOne of the most important things discovered and understood in biology within science, has been the discovery of the DNA structure. Where DNA is the abbreviation for deoxyribonucleic acid, though it is more known by nearly everyone simply as DNA. The idea behind DNA is that it is a self-replicating material that can be found in all living organisms, especially humans. The structure of DNA was solved in the year 1953, and was solved by four very important scientists who were; Francis Crick, RosalindRead MoreThe Discovery of DNA Essay723 Words   |  3 PagesDNA – the very molecule that defines who we are. It is still fascinating that a molecule that is so small that is not visible to the naked eye determines not just our physical appearance but also our mental wellbeing. Over 60 years, the discovery of the double helix DNA had impacted various fields relating to Biology and Chemistry, con tributing to the advancement of technology and subsequently mankind too. The discovery of DNA had opened up many opportunities in the field of genetics. By analysisRead MoreEssay On DNA Discoveries945 Words   |  4 PagesDiscoveries in DNA, cell biology, evolution, biotechnology have been among the major achievements in biology over the past 200 years with accelerated discoveries and insights over the last 50 years. Consider the progress we have made in these areas of human knowledge. Present at least three of the discoveries you find to be most important and describe their significance to society, health, and the culture of modern life. DNA per medical dictionary is defined as A nucleic acid that carries the geneticRead MoreEssay on The Discovery Of The Structure Of DNA1526 Words   |  7 PagesJames Watson and Francis Crick discovered the structure of DNA, but only by drawing on the work of many scientists who came before them. (Maddox, 2003) In 1944, Oswald T. Avery, Colin M. MacLeod, and Maclyn McCarty published â€Å"Studies on the Chemical Nature of the Substance Inducing Transformation of Pneumococcal Types†, which was the first scientific work to identify DNA as the molecule that carried genetic information, and became a breakthrough at that time. (Avery, Macleod, McCarty, 1944) BeforeRead MoreThe Discovery Of The Double Helix And Dna979 Words   |  4 PagesDNA is the central dogma of modern biology, it is present in all living things from bacteria to mammals. DNA carries the genetic information of the organism and is used in processes like mitosis, meiosis and protein production. The reason as t o why I chose this topic specifically is because it is central to my favourite aspect of biology, genetics. Prior to the discover of the double helix and DNA itself there was some information and experiments done on genetics with what little knowledge theyRead More Discovery of the Structure of DNA Essay2374 Words   |  10 PagesDiscovery of the Structure of DNA On the last day of February in 1953, according to James Watson, Francis Crick announced to the patrons of the Eagle Pub in Cambridge, â€Å"We have discovered the secret of life† (Watson 115, 1980). As Brian Hayes, the author of â€Å"The Invention of the Genetic Code† states, â€Å"If life ever had a secret, the double helix of DNA was surely it† (1). However, it was not the work of these two men alone that led to the discovery of the power the lies within the double helixRead MoreThe Discovery Of The Dna Double Helix1913 Words   |  8 PagesThe discovery of the DNA double helix is known to be accredited to James Watson and Francis Crick. Watson describes the events that led up to the discovery in his book The Double Helix. Although they both have put in a significant amount of time and work to find the structure of DNA, one individual who was key to putting their pieces together was Rosalind Franklin. Considering Franklin’s efforts and contributions to the X-ray diffraction images of DNA, which have helped Watson and Crick with their

Wednesday, December 11, 2019

Practicum Clark College Emergency Operation -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Practicum Clark College Emergency Operation? Answer: Introduction Some of the important factors in the implementation of the operational plan is seen to be based on Human Factors, Financial Factors, Risk Factors and Operational Factors. People are affected with early planning process which includes the plan to hire and train employees when required. The cost of hiring process is also considered to be a vital aspect. The operational plan needs to consider the budget considerations and the expenses. In addition to this, the income estimated for the plans are vital to predict the accuracy of the operations plan. The anticipated risk factors are considered to be important for mitigating the inherent risks and formulate a mitigation strategy. The operational factor needs to establish the guidelines to decide the individuals who are responsible for the tasks and milestones (Jacobs, Chase and Lummus 2014). Examples of successful implementation of operational plans for a business In my personal experience I have successfully implemented the operations plan in my organization by preparing a Gantt chart in MS project. This has allowed me to not only mark the necessary activities in the timeline but also track the progress of the individuals activities. I have also contributed to the operational plan by using Programme Evaluation and Review Technique in the organization. The use of this technique in the operations plan has allowed me to know about the lead time required to plan from beforehand and predict the best chain of the activities for implementing the plan (Krajewski, Malhotra and Ritzman 2015). Moreover, the application of the concept of critical path for the activities has helped me to reduce the overall time required for the necessary activities. The application of the tools in the company has allowed the company to operate with more efficacy without getting affected with the other inherent risks (Tillie 2017). Determination of Human resource and other physical resource requirements for the business needs and acquisition of these resources The operations plan determination for the human resource management and other physical resource requirements for my business has considered development of the strategic plan needed for the hiring process. This strategic plan is seen to be conducive in the addressing of HRM hiring process associated to recruitment and selection of the right personnel for the jobs. The staffing process is discussed with Recruitment, Selection, Compensation and Benefits. The implementation of the operations plan by me has considered the communication of factors such as scheduling, flexible time schedules, safety and security of the workers developed by the HR Department. The HR is further seen to work closely with the supervisors of the organizations for developing these policies. The requirement of the physical resources to implement the operations plan and the strategy is seen to be based on the consideration of the cash and cash equivalent resources. The acquisition of the source of the funds for the recruitment of the people can be also derived from the funds accumulated from the investment in Government bonds (Heizer 2016). References Heizer, J., 2016. Operations Management, 11/e. Pearson Education India. Jacobs, F.R., Chase, R.B. and Lummus, R.R., 2014.Operations and supply chain management(pp. 533-535). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Krajewski, L.J., Malhotra, M.K. and Ritzman, L.P., 2015.Operations management: processes and supply chains. Pearson. Tillie, J., 2017. Practicum: Clark College Emergency Operations Plan 2017.

Wednesday, December 4, 2019

Medicare Essay Thesis Example For Students

Medicare Essay Thesis â€Å"Medical Care, Medical Costs: The Search for a Health Insurance Policy† is an article byRashi Fein illustrates the development of Blue Cross and Medicare. It traces the needfor, as well as the history, and benefits of these two programs. The purpose of this articleis to make the reader aware of the inability of the elderly and the disabled to fund theirown medical care and to illustrate the need for support of Medicare by the community toshare in the uncertainty. The variance of the types and sources of the evidence helps toThis article is directed towards the non-historian. It is an attempt to convey to thecommon voter the importance of Medicare. This direction towards the non-historian canbe seen in the use of endnotes over footnotes, as well as the appeal at the end of thearticle proclaiming that the understanding of Medicare by the voters would lead to itsFurther evidence of this purpose is illustrated throughout the article. The authorslowly builds up an understanding of the need for Medicare and Blue Cross by tracing thedevelopment of insurance. And then systematically showing how the elderly anddisabled would be unable to get the care they need without it. This article holds togetherin the systematic way it covers the issue. Another point that holds the article together is its use of mainly primary sourcematerials. This alleviates some of the risk involved in blindly accepting other historiansinterpretations. Also, the scholarly nature of these articles helps to bolster the article’sThis article accomplishes it’s purpose of convincing the reader as to the necessityof Medicare through the use of contextual and scholarly evidence, as well as through thewell laid-out format. This article would be useful in serving its purpose as a tool toconvince voters as to the necessity of Medicare.Bibliography:

Thursday, November 28, 2019

Atomic Bomb1 essays

Atomic Bomb1 essays The use of the atomic bombs on Japan was necessary for the revenge of the Americans. These bombs took years to make due to a problematic equation. The impact of the bombs killed hundreds of thousands of people and the radiation is still killing people today. People today still wonder why the bombs were dropped. If these bombs werent dropped on the Japanese the history of the world would have been changed forever. The Atomic bomb took 6 years to develop (1939-1945) for scientists to work on a equation to make the U-235 into a bomb. The most complicated process in this was trying to produce enough uranium to sustain a chain reaction. The bombs used on the cities cost about $2 billion to develop, this also making the U.S. wanting to use them against Japan. Hiroshima was a major military target and we have spent 2 billion dollars on the greatest scientific gamble in history- and won. (3) The bomb dropped on Hiroshima weighted 4.5 tons and the bomb used on Nagasaki weighted 10 kilotons. On July 16, 1945, the first ever atomic bomb was tested in the Jamez Mountains in Northern New Mexico, code named Gadget. The single weapon ultimately dropped on Hiroshima, nicknamed Little Boy, produced the amount of approximately twenty- thousand tons of TNT, which is roughly seven times greater than all of the bombs dropped by all the allies on all of Germany in 1942. The first Japanese City bomb was Hiroshima on August 6, 1945. An American B-29 bomber, named Enola Gay, flown by the pilot Paul W. Tibbets, dropped the Little Boy uranium atomic bomb. Three days later a second bomb named Fat Boy, made of plutonium was dropped on the Japanese city of Nagasaki. After being released, it took approximately one minute for Little Boy to reach the point of explosion, which was about 2,000 feet. ...

Sunday, November 24, 2019

The Future of Cloud Computing essays

The Future of Cloud Computing essays To understand the future of cloud computing, one must first have some knowledge of what cloud computing is. This new trend in information technology is swiftly becoming one of the most used trends in computing. Cloud computing at its basic level is the replacement of all personal computers with â€Å"dumb† terminals that have no software or complex operating systems on them. Instead, these terminals connect to a World Wide Web in which applications reside alongside your data (Bowles, 2014). This paper will delve into the world of cloud computing from the perspectives of C. S Yoo, The United States Government Accountability Office, and M. D. Bowles. Of course, with any new technology, there are advantages and disadvantages to their use. An attempt will be made to identify those advantages and disadvantages while showing the future of cloud computing. Dr. Yoo’s article, Cloud Computing: Architectural and Policy Implications, introduces key cloud computing concepts such as service oriented architectures, thin clients, virtualization, and discusses the leading delivery models and deployment strategies being pursued by cloud computing providers. The article also analyzes the economics of cloud computing in terms of reducing costs, transforming capital expenditures into operating expenditures, aggregating demand, increasing liability, and reducing latency. The architectural implications of cloud computing are discussed for access networking and data center interconnectivity which focuses on bandwidth, reliability, quality of service, security and privacy, control over routing policies, standardization, metering and payment, and ubiquity (Yoo, 2011). Computers today run applications through software and accesses data that is stored locally on the hard drive. In cloud computing, the application is stored in the data center ra ther than stored on the computer’s hard drive. Yoo concurs stating that, â€Å"transferring applications and data ...

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Privacy of Social Media Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Privacy of Social Media - Annotated Bibliography Example The Writing: the works from this publication is a detailed statement which provides directions under the law that emphasizes the need to maintain privacy in the social sites. The websites and social sites are under obligation to protect their customer’s information and not to share them without permission. The Use: This document will help me highlight the law in relation to privacy in the social media.Determann, Lothar. "Social Media Privacy: A Dozen Myths and Facts." Stanford Technology Law Review (2012): 1-14.  The Writer(s): the author is an expert in social media analysis. Publication: this is a publication of the social media privacy from Stanford Technology Law Review. The publication is a recent publication which is valid and up to dateThe Writing: the publication contains 8 myths about social sites. The myths are actual the rights to the consumer who uses the social sites. This article is an educative article drawing its teachings from the law about social privacy in the media.The Use: This article will be useful to me when making an introduction about my research. It will help me highlight some of the rights consumers have over the social sites in the media. The author is the senior research analyst at Pew Internet Project Publication: this is a publication of the social media privacy.   The article is a resent publication from the date. The Writing: the article aims at finding out why most users are restricted to privacy settings while the cases of profile pruning and unfriending people are the rise.

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Constructing Narratives Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Constructing Narratives - Essay Example Therefore, in order to enhance their narrative construction, ELL students need to be aware of various elements of language use. This paper will consider the function of storytelling in facilitating the ELL’s capacity to construct narratives, describing the various ways in which storytelling enhances these students’ capacity to recount events. This paper will also examine what ELL students need to be aware of regarding language use so as to enhance their construction of written and oral narrative. All over the world, people convey stories to their children. Storytelling is a universal action, which is perhaps the most dominant kind of discourse. Through making use of stories and storytelling, ELLs having different beliefs and religious and cultural backgrounds can exist harmoniously in the classroom environment. Storytelling and stories essentially provide students from different religious, cultural and linguistic backgrounds an effective mechanism for appreciating their world, connecting both with their cultures, as well as the cultures of other students and expressing themselves effectively to others (Diaz-Rico & Weed, (2006). The essence of storytelling is a communicative device, which requires the storyteller and listener to work together collaboratively as transmitters and receivers of both ideas and thoughts. Therefore, in the context of an ELL classroom, storytelling is a means of communication, which allows student storytellers and listeners to share, combine and exchange their experiences in order to create associations and connections. Storytelling helps construct narratives by teaching ELLs about life, about themselves and about other students. Storytelling creates cultural understanding, which, in turn, enhances the students’ capacity to explore various aspects of their lives, thereby creating narratives based on their cultural roots. Within the context of constructing narrative, storytelling allows ELLs gain insights into variou s values and traditions and consider new ideas. Furthermore, storytelling enhances children’s capacities to empathize with unfamiliar situations and places. The development of narrative is also possible through storytelling because stories enable children to reveal their commonalities and differences in the cultures represented in the ELL classroom, particularly by enabling children to open up with regard to their cultural roots. Storytelling and stories also promote narrative creation among ELLs by promoting students’ relaxation and overall well-being (Bruner, 2002). This is primarily because storytelling enhances the willingness of ELL students to communicate their feelings and thoughts. This, in turn, enhances the construction of narrative. Additionally, stories and storytelling encourage ELLs to participate actively in all aspects of their classrooms and lessons, for instance, the construction of narrative, particularly with regard to verbal narrative. Overall, mos t stories involve the explanation of various actions taken by the storyteller to achieve a certain result (Craig, Hull, Haggart & Crowder, 2001). As a consequence, storytelling typically entails an extensive use of words for recounting purposes. In essence, storytelling within the ELL classroom helps ELL students enhance their verbal proficiency, thereby enhancing their narrative capabilities. In addition, stories have

Sunday, November 17, 2019

Discuss the main causes and effects of gun crime in the USA Essay - 4

Discuss the main causes and effects of gun crime in the USA - Essay Example Act that controls the amount of guns available in America has been quite ineffective and hence it has totally failed to reduce the number of guns in America. As such, the procedure for acquiring a gun has been reduced to that of the market forces of demand and supply, (Ulrich 2009, p.41). This basically means that so long as a person is able to buy the gun, then the supply is readily available. Another school of thought on the causes of gun violence and crimes in America blames the ownership of guns by very young people. Though the law only allows those above 21 years to obtain gun license, (Ulrich 2009, p.49) suggest that this has been reached through very poor and unlimited research. This is true because statistics indicate that more than half of the gun mass killing were perpetrated by individuals below 25 years. Similarly, very young people have been accused of perpetrating gun violence using their parents’ guns. This indicates that the law has various loopholes that allow such crimes to happen without reprimanding the source. Lastly, a large number of guns are illegally available to members of the public. In this case, people can freely and criminally hire guns for uses especially in robbery and assassinations. In America, more than 75% of robbery cases happen at gun point, (Ulrich 2009, p.52). These guns are in the hand of criminals through irregular licensing and gun theft. Accordingly, thugs can either hire guns from illegal dealers or even steal them from the police or other licensed gun holders. In this case, it is important for the Gun Law to be repealed so as to address some of the concerned raised above. The major effect of gun violence has been the increase of gun related deaths. According to Sarah (2013), the US has â€Å"the most guns per head in the world, and equally has the highest rate of deaths from firearms†. This basically, the article has established a close correlation between the number of guns in the private hands and the number of

Friday, November 15, 2019

Consumer Behavior Is Essential For Effective Marketing Marketing Essay

Consumer Behavior Is Essential For Effective Marketing Marketing Essay Introduction: A Consumer is somone who acquires goods or services for direct use or ownership rather than for resale or use in production and manufacturing process. (Investor words, 2010). We can classify consumers in two categories: (i) personal consumers / retail consumers, and (ii) organisations as consumers. In each case bahaviour is analysed differently. I will concentrate in this essay on personal consumers and their behaviour and its implications for effective marketing. Consumer behaviour is the process individuals or groups go through in recognizing needs, finding ways to solve these needs, making purchase decisions (e.g., whether or not to purchase a product and, if so, which brand and where), interpret information, make plans, and implement these plans. Understanding customer perception and motivations has tremendous implications for selling and marketing, process improvement and, in turn, reaching targetted consumers and make rewarding profit. With the Consumer-Centered era long gone, in the New Era orentation to enable long-term bonds with consumers it is essential to study consumer behaviour and to understand more of the customers psychology, their internal and external motivations, preferences, limitations, and actions to be able to provide a tailored value proposition. As a discupline, this is referred to as customer relationship management (CRM). Diagram showing consumer behavior, measures, and marketing actions. (graph from: Norton, 2005)Consumer attitude: The process of purchase is largely influenced by consumer attitudes. In the context of marketing, it is towards: product, brand, place (eg retail store), etc.  Consumer attitudes are a composite of a consumers (1) beliefs about, (2) feelings about, (3) and behavioural intentions.   These components are viewed together since they are highly interdependent and together embrace the forces that influence how the consumer will react to the object.(Perner, 2008) Beliefs: Consumer beliefs can be positive (e.g. chocolate tastes good) as well as negative (e.g., chocolate makes me fat).   In addition, some beliefs may be neutral (chocolate is a treat), and some may differ depending on the person or the situation (e.g., dark chocolate gives a lot of energy and stimulatesgood when you need to study or boost your energy level, but not good just before sleep time).  Often consumer believes can be inaccurate (e.g. pork is healthier than chicken). Feelings/Affect- is the consumers feelings toward a brands product or service.   Sometimes these feelings are based on the beliefs (e.g. a person feels nauseated when thinking about a hamburger because of the amount of fat it contains), but there may also be feelings which are relatively independent of beliefs (e.g.  I like ice cream) Behavioural intention.   Is what the consumer plans to do with respect to the object (e.g., buy or not buy the brand).   This can be a logical consequence of beliefs (or affect), or may reflect other circumstancese.g., although a consumer does not really like a bar/restaurant, he or she will go there because it is a hangout for his or her friends. (Perner, 2008) Changing behaviour of customers can be challenging because people like to believe that their behaviour is rational; thus, once they use our products, chances are that they will continue unless someone is able to get them to switch (Perner,2010). Consumer Choices: The comonly accepted and studied path of consumer choices, also illustrted in Elliot (1997), includes 5 main steps: Need/ opportunity recognition 2. Information Search 3. Evaluation of alternatives 4. Purchase 5. Outcome of purchase/feedback Need/opportunity recognition. Consumers recognize a need for a product/service when they percive a gap between their current state and their desired state. This can be either because of a change for the worse in their current state (need recognition) or when the desire seem to be further away (opportunity recognition). ( Elliot, 1997). That can be as easy as concluding that we need milk because we have just run out and cant make a cake without it. Or when a mother decides that buying an Armani top for her son would probably make her family more recognisable and admirred. Information Search. After identifying a product which will satisfy the need or opportunity gap, it is assumed that a customer will search for information to help him make a decision. Here it has been established that there are two ways in which information search takes place. Those are internal and external searches. Internal vs. External Search(Perner,2008) Internal search involves the consumer identifying alternatives from his or her memory/experience. Internal search is influenced by motivations, attitudes, personality, age, lifestyle, perception and learning/ experience.   This is often the only search method used for low involvement products or fast moving consumer goods (FMCGs), thus building top of mind awareness is crucial task for marketing communications especially in hose low-involvement products categories (Elliot, 1998). External search involves information from environment that influences the purchase decisions. Those external factors influencing decision process include situational influences, such as, physical environment and time, and social influences such as advertising as well as culture, subculture, social class, group membership, family, friends, work/school peers, co-workers, people from the same sports/hobby clubs, neighbors etc. There are various referent groups that people consciously or unconsciously consider during their search. Those include; membership, aspiration, avoidance, word of mouth, opinion, leadership. Despite consumer interests and beliefs, they will strive to conformity and thus usually the internal search has to compete with their external influences because they want to belong to, and be accepted by, people from their direct environment. Consumers are more likely to use an external search for high involvement products.   For instance before buying a house, the consumer is more likely to ask friends opinions, read reviews in Consumer Reports, consult several web sites, and visit several property offices.   Thus, it is extremely important that firms that offer products that are selected predominantly through external search invest in advertising and marketing to ensure having information available to the consumer in need-e.g., through brochures, web sites, or news coverage. Evaluation of choices: The evaluative criteria are the product attributes, functional, symbolic and emotional, on which the relative performance of the competing alternatives will be compared (Elliot 1998). Decision rules can be: I. Compensatory, when a poor performance on one attribute can be offset by good performance on other attribute. (e.g. one car is not as fast as other but its cheaper.   If the price is sufficiently inexpensive, the consumer may then select it over a car with better acceleration that costs more) II. Non-compensatory, when only one standard is used and alternatives which dont measure up are eliminated. (e.g. when a customer wants to have a UK-branded product, lets say cereal, although there will be many other cereals with same ingredients and good taste they wont be considered) Considering that human beings seek to reduce cognitive efforts, often the way for choice evaluation are rules of thumb, e.g. cheapest is best, or known brand is always better than unknown, etc. Unfortunately this type of thinking often lead to systematic bias when compared with the rational decision making model of economic theory. Those would be believes that e.g. if an item is on sale it must be a good deal, or all branded products are of the same quality. Purchase: Purchased is often influenced by time, the more time between the intention to buy and the purchase the more opportunity for change in original intention. But in many instances a conscious purchase intension is not formulated prior to the purchase act and in this case a display of product may trigger impulse purchase. US studies show that 83% decisions to purchase of snack foods take place in the supermarket itself rather than prior to shopping. Obviously higher involvement products are more likely to be pre planned than lower involvement products. (Elliot, 1998) Outcomes of Purchase: These have important implications for the future purchase decisions. The cognitive approach points to importance of prior expectations as a determining how well consumer will evaluate the purchase experience. The lower the expectations the less dissatisfaction on poor product performance, and the more satisfaction on good product performance is seen. Consumer Involvement: The amount of effort a consumer puts into searching depends on a number of factors. There is a classical model to measure consumer involvment in purchase decision. This model shows that involvmnet depends largly on: price, type of product, frequency of purchases, symbolic meaning, social visability, time commitment, potentiality for harm, potentiality for poor performance of product/service etc. (Elliot, 1998) In practice the price or high significance will mostly effect the involvement of consumers. E.g if we buy boat or house we are more likely to put more effort in research than when we buy washing powder. The same is true for highly life significant products such as computer or medications, which tend to be given more attention than lets say notepad or pen. (where you shop, ease / proximity of parking, ambience, safety, provision of child care, etc) Influences on Consumer Behavior(Perner 2008) The Life Cycle. Individuals and families tend to go through a life cycle: The simple life cycle goes from    http://www.consumerpsychologist.com/images/cb/Simple_FLC.png (Perner 2008) In real life however, there are many more complications possible, such as couples undergo divorce, single parents run house or remarry or become involved in other non-marital relationships, or stay on their own etc. Integrating all the possibilities gives a depiction of the Family Life Cycle to the one below: http://www.consumerpsychologist.com/images/cb/Family_Life_Cycle.png (Perner 2008) Obviously young singles with still little cash and highly influenced by their peer environment will have different needs, and make different purchases to young couples, and young couples will greatly vary in their customer behaviours to full nest families. Then again there is a significant difference in amount, type and variety of products purchased between Nest I, Nest II and III families, since different age of children in the family will have various demands / needs, and the older the children the more influence they will have on parents and their purchase decisions themselves. Empty nest family with no children in the house often can afford more luxurious items than before. They will frequently look for comfort and durability and high quality of goods. Older singles will have similar needs, but if retired or lonely may not be able to afford as high standards of products as empty nest and thus minimalistic approach can be seen in their purchase behaviour. Apart from differences in customer behaviour arising from Family Life Cycle it is also important to mention that behaviour changes with age, health, career and financial status. Older people tend to have greater income but also greater obligations such as mortgages, children, and spouse. Different ages are concerned with different financial rewards and obligations. That often leads to different consumer behaviour. Figure 2.5 Consumer life events Understanding the life event triggers behind the big decisions that consumers make, assists information providers in targeting information at the times and places in peoples lives when they most need it. (Australian government, 2010) Family decision making model: Another relevant consideration includes the Family decision making model. It is important to realise that it is not only the decision maker(s) in the family that count during the decisions processes of the family. Although they decide where and which product, brand to buy, there are also initiator, ultimate users, the information gatherers/holders- who seek out information about products of relevance, Influencers- who do not ultimately have the decision power, but they may make their wishes known by asking for specific products or causing embarrassing situations if their demands are not met. And then again all those have different role to that of the purchaser. (Perner, 2008) It was measured that parents under childrens (age 4 -12years) influence in US purchase products worth apporximately $4,400 per year per child. This comprises nearly $150 billion annually in US market alone. (McNeal,1997). This statistic is even more prominent if we look at China and heir one child policy and the six-pocket syndrome (where all 4 grandparents and parents can cherish and spoil 1 child only (Goll,1995) From the marketing point of view, family decision-making model introduces some problems since the purchaser can be targeted by point-of-purchase (POP) marketing efforts that cannot be aimed at the decision maker, or influencer. It should also be noted that family decisions are often subject to a great deal of conflict. The reality is that few families are wealthy enough to avoid a strong tension between demands on the familys resources. (Perner, 2008) Family decision making model can be observed in nearly any shop. This will take place when a family is out and about maybe doing grocery shopping and then suddenly one of the children will point to a toy or Christmas tree that courts its attention (that will be the initiator). There will be various criteria to consider: maybe some information provided on the spot about this particular Christmas tree; the fact does the family have already one or not and in what condition it is, also time of the year will have influence on the decision making process. The user or a Christmas tree is the whole family but especially children. Mother of the family will often be the decider who will try to satisfy the whole family and purchase something that is practical and safe a s well as will look representative in the home surrounding. Father will often pay for the tree and make the purchase thus in this scenario will be the buyer. This issue is addressed by many shops by offering extensive displays o f child-attractive items, together with parent-satisfying product descriptions to fulfil needs of the decision maker, and not infrequent value deals to finally convince the ultimate buyer. The Means-End Chain. Is another model of consumer behaviour where consumers buy products not because of their attributes per se but rather because of the ultimate benefits that these attributes provide, in turn leading to the satisfaction of ultimate values. An important implication of means-end chains is that it is usually most effective in advertising to focus on higher level items. (Green Book, 2005) This can be illustrated on example of UHT milk. A consumer may not be interested in the process and chemistry of ultra high temperature process of milk preservation, but might reason as follows: Self satisfaction/esteem Kids will continue to get all calcium and vitamins required for growth and strong bones, and he milk is there whenever needed Children can safely use the milk when they need it without a need to go back to a shop for weeks at a time. Milk can be stored longer without taste and properties change, Long life properties of UHT milk UHT milk producers use this model and emphasise the long life properties of milk, and thus in consumer perception this is the main focus point. They often dont make further investigation to find out that UHT milk has sufficiently less vitamins and minerals then fresh milk, and frequently make decision to buy long life milk instead of fresh milk. Diffusion Curve Model: And last but not least we should note that not all consumers will choose to buy new products at the same time. Dependingly on their education, experience, capacity to purchase and desires we will be able to identify Innovators who buy first but comrpise less than 5% of consumers, e.g. people who follow the latest releases of technology/fashion engineering and will purchase the products as soon as they reach the market even if they dont necessary need it, and it means paying premium price for those goods. After the first purchases by Innovators, the Early adpoters will show their interest. They benefit form using the product and want to maintain an edge over the rest of their peer group / consumers at large. However the vast majority of the curve ignores most marketing efforts at the earliest stages until they are convinced that the product or idea is not a fad. Successful new products, the hits, are most sought by Innovators and Early Adopters soon after introduction: and then Early majority will follow the trend to purchase. After some time the later majority will make the decision to buy, and then when the products/ services are no longer considered new by majority of population the laggards will come to belive it is ecessary for them to aquire this product. Possibly that will take place after the older model they owned is no longer functioning and it is necessary for them to replace it. Those clients frequently benefit from large discounts, since new more desirable models are often already available on the market. The described above model is commonly known as Diffusion Curve model or 5 segments model, and can be illustrated as bellow (actual percentages will vary according to the product / sector / consumer mix): Viral Marketing and Consumer Behavior (Graph from; Braziel, 2007) This model doesnt equally apply to all products, it is mostly used for electronics, computers, fashion clothing, house appliances such as AGD (white goods) and RTV (audio / visual electronics) products. Thats because we cant really talk about innovative products when it comes to FMCGs like bread, milk, butter. Also it would be hard to talk about laggards when the product of concern was something everyone needs in day to day life. Knowing about the diffusion curve model and the fact that new products are usually initially adopted by a few consumers and only spread later, and then only gradually, to the rest of the population, companies learned that to introduce new products they must be well financed so that they can stay afloat until their products become a commercial success by generating self-sustainable profit. They also realize that it is very important to please initial customers, since they will in turn influence many subsequent customers brand choices. That is why many brands use post-purchase evaluation forms and ensure quick response to any dissatisfaction, so consumers feel understood, respected and powerful. This helps in creating good overall impression about the product or brand, which is likely to be passed on to Early adopters and beyond. Discussion: There are two main applications of consumer behavior in marketing: (Perner 2005) Using consumer behavior to make better marketing campaigns. For example by understanding that consumers are more receptive to food advertising when they are hungry, food/snack companies learned to schedule snack advertisements late in the afternoon. As a result of increased receptiveness consumers are more likely to memorize the items and either buy there and then or next time when they see the product on the supermarket shelf. by understanding that new products are usually initially adopted by a few consumers and only spread later, and then only gradually, to the rest of the population, companies learned that (1) to introduce- new products must be well financed so that they can stay afloat until their products become a commercial success. (2) it is very important to please initial customers, since they will in turn influence many subsequent customers brand choices. Social marketing involves getting ideas across to consumers rather than selling something. E.g. To reduce the incidence of transmission of diseases through illegal drug use the best solution, obviously, would be if we could get illegal drug users to stop. This, however, was deemed to be infeasible. It was also determined that the practice of sharing needles was too ingrained in the drug culture to be stopped. As a result, using knowledge of consumer attitudes, Dr. Fishbein created a campaign that encouraged the cleaning of needles in bleach before sharing them, and this marketing campaign was hugely successful (Syed, 2009) Attitude research has shown that consumers often tend to react more favorably to advertisements which either: Admit something negative about the sponsoring brand (e.g., the Volvo is a clumsy car, but very safe), this approach makes consumer perceive the advert more reliable, and will pay off by their better attitude towards brand/product advertised. OR Admits something positive about a competing brand (e.g., a competing supermarket has slightly lower prices, but offers less service and selection).   Two-sided appeals must, contain overriding arguments why the sponsoring brand is ultimately superior-that is, in the above examples, the but part must be emphasized. (Perner, 2008)   Again this two side appeal gives consumer perception of rational, reliability and this type of advert is more likely to be listened, believed in and remembered. Knowing it is generally very difficult to change beliefs that people hold, some companies try to change the importance of beliefs by decreasing them or by strengthen them by advertising e.g. milk company can emphasise on the importance of milk ingredients such as; calcium and iron for the health being of people, and thus increase the perception of importance for milk in consumer eye, which will then lead to increased milk sales. Companies can also add to consumer beliefs, e.g. Cereal makers can add beliefs that their cereal are more convenient and healthy than other cereals, which sounds quite plausible to some people if the advert uses enough credible terms for ingredients. Thus consumer perceive those cereals more appropriate for breakfast than others and are more likely to purchase them when next time see them in the shop. Using consumer choices model described in the introduction, some companies will seek to create in the eyes of target consumers a perception of need of e.g cooking spice, by advertising it as a miracle mix which will make every dish you make tasty and desirable by all family members. That perception of opportunity may trigger the consumer purchase decision. Knowing that information search for FMCGs is mostly internal, food producers try to make impression on the consumer e.g by making tomatoes look more healthy and appealable to potential consumers e.g we can see tomatoes with green stems or big organically grown sign on the packaging that will trigger the consumer desire to eat healthy and even though those tomatoes may not be any healthier than the other 5 types that sit on the shelf. The perception of healthy / organic will arise in consumer mind and thus he will be more likely to purchase them. In relation to purchase decisions of consumers, many companies, especially those selling low involvement goods, use a marketing strategy which is directed at one of humans basic motivation:- curiosity. By packaging a product with interesting and/or innovative pictures and images, they try to wake up consumer curiosity and in this way win the consumer interest and encourage impulse to buy. Knowing that fulfilling original expectations of consumer will often lead to repeat purchase some products e.g Heinz Ketchup by introducing a claim of great thickness and delivering on it better compare to other brands, can win consumer because consumer attention is drawn towards thickness only and satisfying this attribute alone give consumer overall perception of good performance. Emphasising consumer brand loyalty, many shops introduce loyalty cards, which give additional credits for shopping in particular shop, such as entitlement to discounts and promotions. Loyalty cards databases on the other hand enable understanding the clients better and give offers that best suit their behavior/habbits. Its a win-win situation for seller and buyer: the consumer has a perception of being special/appreciated and can see the reward for loyalty, while the shop has more information about the customers. For example, it was established that a buyer of full fat milk is 2.5 times more likely to purchase children orientated products. That is because a lot of parent buy full fat milk for their kids, and having kids means we buy for them more than just milk. Knowing that, a shop/company can send kids products brochures only to those people buying full fat milk rather than spend money on approaching adults who dont have kids and are unlikely to purchase childrens products. All the models described above are important to know and consider; to help spot emerging patterens and trends relative to the marketing and branding process. However they seem to be slightly overcomplicated and we need to realise that every day consumer patterns as well as practical marketing often varies from the theoretical models. To support this view we dont need to look far, we read from countless articles e.g McCole (2004) suggests that there exists a sizable gap between the worldviews of academics and practitioners. And Brennen (2004, p. 492), in his editorial comments in a special issue that explored the nature of the academic-practitioner divide, notes that a consensus seems to be emerging that much, or perhaps most, of work done by academics is of limited relevance to practitioners. (Syed H. Akhter, 2009). Also there are numerous studies which show that a large percentage of consumers dont research their purchases or limit the research to minimum, e.g. on average 52% of peo ple in US obtained no independent information on products/services purchased and even for purchase of a new car, more than 30% of people visit only one car dealer.(Elliot, 1998). A lot of those theoretical models, together with practical / anecdotal experience, indicate that decisions made by customers are mostly emotion-driven or impulse driven. The purchase decisions often depend on curiosity, value perception (an approximation of reality), brand loyalty or rules of thumb , rather than research, and that is why marketing, branding and advertising need to enhance value perception for the customer and take care of a good purchase experience rather than just focusing on the purchase product/service. Conclusion: To conclude this paper on dynamics of consumer behaviour in practical marketing, I decided to look into Early Learning Center (ELC) brand and their marketing strategies. With their consumer base largely being 0-6 year old children, specifically I sought evidence of ELCs marketing efforts reflecting a sound understanding of the behavior of their target customers, the adults who buy those goods on childrens behalf Early Learning Centre (ELC) ~ Toy Sale Now On Early Learning Centre (ELC) is essentially a marketing and distribution company, but one that also designs and commissions the manufacture of its own-branded products.It was established in 1974 as a mail order firm, and was an early adopter of direct sales through the Internet the website www.elc.co.uk was first launched in 1999 and proved to be successful in its first year in terms of profit generated on internet-driven purchases.. In 2007 Mothercare plc acquired Early Learning Centre for  £85m ( £49m plus  £36m debt). Mothercare is one of the most familiar names in UK retailing, and is probably the first store that comes to mind when thinking of the needs of pregnant women, babies and children up to the age of 10. There is a lot of overlap with ELC in the post-natal market and so their merger and co-location of stores makes sense from a business perspective. Today there are over 225 ELC stores in the UK, and 115 stores internationally operated by franchise partners in locations including UAE, Hong Kong, Australia, New Zealand, Malaysia Ireland, and Poland. Catalogues sales have remained a core part of the business. [Early Learning Centre prints and distributes over 4 million catalogues in the UK alone each year.] Over 80 percent of the products sold by Early Learning Centre are own brand. ELC operate through three distinct channels to market; UK stores, Direct (internet-based businesses and catalogue mai l order), and International.(ELC, 2008) The Early Learning Centre brand provides eight major categories of toys and games primarily for children in the 0-6 year age range. They segregate their items based on sex and age of children for whom the toys are designed. This approach helps greatly during customers search through the products. As a result customers can put less effort into the search process and it adds to their overall shopping experience. Knowing that changing attitude of consumer is generally very difficult. Instead ELC try to influence feelings, either by advertising itself to create pleasant, warm feeling about products, and hope that will be enough to make customer like the product, or they use classical conditioning by e.g. showing happy, stress free children playing with ELC toys. the great outdoors!!! acctive play and fresh air fun! (pictured copied from: http://www.kidstart.co.uk/partner/ELC.aspx) Another strategy of ELC involves exposure effect. By providing advertisement and pictures outside the store and in magazines known to be popular amongst parents of 0-6 year old children and those adults likely to buy presents for such children, ELC ensures customers are more familiar with the product and thus more likely to purchase it. Aware that changing behaviour of customers can be challenging, one strategy employed by ELC is to introduce seasonal price discounts to justify in consumer minds the switch, based on a good deal principle. After the switch if a customer was more satisfied with the ELC product than with a previously used brand, there is a large likelihood that he or she will stick with the ELC products for future purchases even when the price goes back to normal. Another marketing strategy employed by ELC is engaging the convenience mindset of their target audience. ELC stores are usually located in big shopping malls, specifically in those locations in the mall that are frequently used/passed by customers on their way in or out. Not only are toys displayed, many toys at the entrance, but also throughout the store, are out of their packaging to enable better investigation of product prior to purchase. This is also a great way to attract the children of passing shoppers mothers, families into the shop to play. When this happens parents will be forced to come into the shop and during that time possibly will purchase one or more of the toys that their children were attracted to, or indeed other

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

Bismarckian Alliance :: essays papers

Bismarckian Alliance The relations between the Great Powers in Europe changed a lot with the accession to the throne of Wilhelm the II in 1888, his dismissal of Chancellor Otto van Bismarck two year later and therefore the breakdown of the Bismarckian Alliance System. The unification of Germany, and the political greatness of Prussia and the empire, are ascribed to the statesmanship of Bismarck. Bismarck was the father of the German nation, he created it and he also masterminded a plan to keep Germany safe from the enemy nations around her. After the humiliation of the loss of Alcase and Lorraine, France was bound to not pass away an opportunity to take revenge from Germany, so to prevent this happening Bismarck constructed an elaborate network of alliances. One of the most important alliances of the many that were made was, the Dreikaiserbund or the League of the the Three Emperors singed in 1872 between Germany, Russia and Austria-Hungary. The most important of the articles in the treaty was that ^in case on of the High Contracting Parties should find itself at war with a fourth Great Power, the two other shall maintain towards it a benevolent neutrality and shall devote their efforts to the localisation of the conflict^. But Russia and Austria-Hungary drew suspicious of each other over conflicts in the Balkans in 1887 and the League fell apart. So to replace that lose Bismarck drew up the secret Dual Alliance with Austria in 1879, it was a defensive alliance against Russian in case she attacks Austria. In 1882, Italy joined the Dual Alliance which created the Triple Alliance. By 1887 Bismarck succeeded to bind Russian in a separate alliance which was called the Reinsurance Treaty. Also Germany kept friendly acquaintances with Britain so that such a powerful nation with not be against Germany. This way, Bismarck^s plan succeeded and now France was truly friendless, powerless and isolated. Kaiser Wilhelm the II had a plan called ^Weltpolitik^ for Germany which meant that he wanted Germany to be a world power with a large colonial empire, strong and unbeatable in every possible way. Bismarck saw this as a threat to the country^s peace he has aintained for twenty years and his idea was that Germany should remain a land-based, peace-loving European power as she has always been. The clash of ideas and values between the thirty one year old, young Kaiser and the seventy five year old chancellor led to Bismarck being forced to resign by Kaiser Wilhelm II in 1890. Then the Kaiser appointed Count Georg Leo Caprivi Bismarckian Alliance :: essays papers Bismarckian Alliance The relations between the Great Powers in Europe changed a lot with the accession to the throne of Wilhelm the II in 1888, his dismissal of Chancellor Otto van Bismarck two year later and therefore the breakdown of the Bismarckian Alliance System. The unification of Germany, and the political greatness of Prussia and the empire, are ascribed to the statesmanship of Bismarck. Bismarck was the father of the German nation, he created it and he also masterminded a plan to keep Germany safe from the enemy nations around her. After the humiliation of the loss of Alcase and Lorraine, France was bound to not pass away an opportunity to take revenge from Germany, so to prevent this happening Bismarck constructed an elaborate network of alliances. One of the most important alliances of the many that were made was, the Dreikaiserbund or the League of the the Three Emperors singed in 1872 between Germany, Russia and Austria-Hungary. The most important of the articles in the treaty was that ^in case on of the High Contracting Parties should find itself at war with a fourth Great Power, the two other shall maintain towards it a benevolent neutrality and shall devote their efforts to the localisation of the conflict^. But Russia and Austria-Hungary drew suspicious of each other over conflicts in the Balkans in 1887 and the League fell apart. So to replace that lose Bismarck drew up the secret Dual Alliance with Austria in 1879, it was a defensive alliance against Russian in case she attacks Austria. In 1882, Italy joined the Dual Alliance which created the Triple Alliance. By 1887 Bismarck succeeded to bind Russian in a separate alliance which was called the Reinsurance Treaty. Also Germany kept friendly acquaintances with Britain so that such a powerful nation with not be against Germany. This way, Bismarck^s plan succeeded and now France was truly friendless, powerless and isolated. Kaiser Wilhelm the II had a plan called ^Weltpolitik^ for Germany which meant that he wanted Germany to be a world power with a large colonial empire, strong and unbeatable in every possible way. Bismarck saw this as a threat to the country^s peace he has aintained for twenty years and his idea was that Germany should remain a land-based, peace-loving European power as she has always been. The clash of ideas and values between the thirty one year old, young Kaiser and the seventy five year old chancellor led to Bismarck being forced to resign by Kaiser Wilhelm II in 1890. Then the Kaiser appointed Count Georg Leo Caprivi

Sunday, November 10, 2019

Hr Aspect of a Company

This could be training the knowledge and clarity of thought that a retain kind of person is required to do a certain kind of task with a certain form of talent. Then starts the deal of profiling the said candidates and the best are chosen and taken aboard. The resumes of these candidates strictly related to the work the employee is meant to do or various other forms of training methods to improve the overall efficiency of the individual (Asks and Bellower 640). Training and development are closely related.All kinds of development that is seen in an employee stems from training In his/her work field or otherwise however, all forms of training need not serially lead to assured development. This Is when the human resources wing of the company comes Into the picture and Is expected to do a good Job. Calabash, Van Dam and Hutchins (2010) stated that â€Å"I didn't list listening as one of my skills, probably because I TLD hear what the Interviewer asked† (p. 1 94). This Is a typica l problem with inefficient human resources and it should be countered appropriately.The entire process of recruitment begins with are then studied to understand where their career is headed. This is done to keep in mind in case later on there is a chancy in a different position, the same people can be employed instead of hiring fresh from outside. In this article, the training programs available at the Marriott International Group of Hotels will be discussed at length. To start off, it is important to understand and accept that the labor force employed In the hotel and hospitality industry is the most refined and expensive.As a result, It Is essential that through various motivational, skill oriented and product related training, this workforce Is retained by a substantial period of time. Else the cost of recruiting fresh people will e unnecessary. This brand Is one of the top In the world, so as part of their corporate training responsibility, they ensure that proper training is me ted out to each and every member of the work force, right from the entry level to the head honchos (Fischer and Friedman 21).Marriott takes on board the smartest young faces from the universities and most hard working people from other sources to Join the team. Marriott management-training positions offer these candidates opportunities to enhance their careers and the future of the Marriott business (Fischer and Friedman 22). On a societal level, a complete and collective approach to the hospitality workforce has a direct impact on the money that communities make. Hotels create Jobs and salary is generated through both direct employment and a large network of suppliers.Woodlouse (2012) noted that â€Å"Some people today are wandering generalities Instead of meaningful specifics because they have failed to discover and mine the wealth of potentials In them† (p. 1141 Amorist's Management Development Program (MID) is a convenient program that is paced to suit individual training to entry-level Marriott managers with the knowledge and skills that are accessory to perform their work and provide top class customer service. This program will also assist in developing discipline oriented and on-the-Job technical acumen needed to be excellent in the Job.The management skills needed to ensure a path breaking career with this top notch hotel will improve as an assistant food and beverages manager will be different from the responsibilities of a floor manager. Career opportunities too are a plenty in Marriott. The example of Steven Craig is very popular in the circles of Marriott. He comes from the city of Chicago and loves the boy band Battles and plays guitar, bass and piano. Steven has also found a firm place in his career at Marriott.In Just a little over four years with Marriott, he has performed so well that his efforts have been recognized and show cased. He has maintained quite a good track record. Steven has already gained a lot of experience at several un ique large sized companies. Also, in his present role as Assistant General Manager, has even assisted in opening a hotel from the ground floor upwards (Chubbier, Van Dam and Hutchins 191). Steven Joined Marriott straight completing his graduation examination as a fresher, through the ManagementDevelopment Program of Marriott and has been very happy with the career development and enhancement possibilities that has been provided to him. He says that every day is an all new experience for him. There are plenty of challenges and hard tasks he has to complete but he feels grateful that invariably he gets the support he needs to deliver good customer service and his performance to the next level of excellence. Marriott understands its employees better than most in the market at their level. They understood that Steven has a great passion for music.Steven understands the importance of working harmoniously in the workplace too. He says that as an Assistant General Manager he has to get int o several roles and his work is not limited to any one area only. He has to oversee and supervise various functions of the hotel such as front office, food and beverages desk, room service, security and housekeeping. He has to ensure that his team is in sync and working together collectively as a unit and performing under all possible situations, favorable or otherwise.There has to be one person who has to keep people together, keep them motivated and pleased. It is a big challenge for him but that is part of his daily work and he enjoys it fully. He has to be available at all times for his staff in case they find themselves in a spot of bother. Stevens love for music makes him tuned in to his responsibilities so well (Woodlouse 1135-1137). The teamwork training opportunities are also healthy in the Marriott. Famous lecturers come to their training rooms to speak to the staff and motivate them to work together to reach their goals.They develop various training modules and workshops to help deliver them messages better. Big speakers here include Gregg Gregory who spoke to the team and beseeches them to come together during his personal loss and how Alex Shame and he rest of the team members allowed him to get over the emotional stress (Chubbier, Van Dam and Hutchins 197-199). Marriott is also well known for the communication training it provides to its employees. Their spoken language has to be impeccable to keep up their standards and their competitive place in the market.There are professional trainers available who hone the skills of the staff and also Woodlouse (2012) stated, â€Å"Library Instruction is beneficial to all students. Learning together as a group reduces some of the stress and anxiety students may have when trying to learn about the libraries' various resources. The instruction sessions are customized presentations, with hands-on training when possible, specifically tailored to class's assigned research† (up. 1137-1138). The think tank of Marriott is now slowly and steadily delving into the details and benefits of creative thinking on the part of its employees.

Friday, November 8, 2019

Free Essays on Eating Dissorders in Women After Age 30

Eating Disorders in Women after age 30 â€Å"I hate the way I look!† I am so fat!† I hate looking in the mirror!† â€Å"I used to be so thin, why can’t I look like I did when I was 20?† These phrases are all too familiar to someone who has an eating disorder. Eating disorders generally affect women in their teens to mid 20’s. What happens when a woman develops an eating disorder after age 30 or continues to face this terrible illness that has affected her since adolescence. To fully understand what an eating disorder is, it is important to know the different types of eating disorders. Eating disorders are generally categorized as Bulimia Nervosa, Anorexia Nervosa and Eating Disorders Not Otherwise Specified. Eating disorders are devastating behavioral dysfunctions brought on by an array of factors. Emotional and personality disorders, family pressures, possible genetic or biologic susceptibility, and a culture where there is an obsession with thinness are all contributing factors to this consuming disease (noah.cuny.edu). Bulimia Nervosa is more common than anorexia and works on a cycle of bingeing, eating an enormous amount of food, and then forcibly eliminating the food, identified as the act of purging. The cycle of eating vast quantities of food and then vomiting or using drugs to force that food out of the body is referred to as the â€Å"binge/purge cycle† (Sacker and Zimmer 4). The eating binges average about 1,000 calories but can be as high as 20,000 calories or as low as 100. Patients diagnosed with bulimia average about 14 episodes per week. In general, people with bulimia have a normal to high-normal body weight, but it may fluctuate by more than 10 pounds because of the binge-purge cycle (noah.cuny.edu/wellconn/eatdisorders). Bulimia leaves its victims with a feeling of incredible self-loathing. Patients frequently describe themselves as â€Å"disgusting pigs.† Anorexia Nervosa was first defined as... Free Essays on Eating Dissorders in Women After Age 30 Free Essays on Eating Dissorders in Women After Age 30 Eating Disorders in Women after age 30 â€Å"I hate the way I look!† I am so fat!† I hate looking in the mirror!† â€Å"I used to be so thin, why can’t I look like I did when I was 20?† These phrases are all too familiar to someone who has an eating disorder. Eating disorders generally affect women in their teens to mid 20’s. What happens when a woman develops an eating disorder after age 30 or continues to face this terrible illness that has affected her since adolescence. To fully understand what an eating disorder is, it is important to know the different types of eating disorders. Eating disorders are generally categorized as Bulimia Nervosa, Anorexia Nervosa and Eating Disorders Not Otherwise Specified. Eating disorders are devastating behavioral dysfunctions brought on by an array of factors. Emotional and personality disorders, family pressures, possible genetic or biologic susceptibility, and a culture where there is an obsession with thinness are all contributing factors to this consuming disease (noah.cuny.edu). Bulimia Nervosa is more common than anorexia and works on a cycle of bingeing, eating an enormous amount of food, and then forcibly eliminating the food, identified as the act of purging. The cycle of eating vast quantities of food and then vomiting or using drugs to force that food out of the body is referred to as the â€Å"binge/purge cycle† (Sacker and Zimmer 4). The eating binges average about 1,000 calories but can be as high as 20,000 calories or as low as 100. Patients diagnosed with bulimia average about 14 episodes per week. In general, people with bulimia have a normal to high-normal body weight, but it may fluctuate by more than 10 pounds because of the binge-purge cycle (noah.cuny.edu/wellconn/eatdisorders). Bulimia leaves its victims with a feeling of incredible self-loathing. Patients frequently describe themselves as â€Å"disgusting pigs.† Anorexia Nervosa was first defined as...

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

Priming

Priming Abstract The objective of our experiment, got a clue was to discover if we could change an individual's stereotypical perception on various items. We would try to achieve this change in perceptions by priming our subjects with positive or negative words flashed over the items for a short period of time. The first step taken to achieve our challenge was to have our subjects fill out questionnaire rating various objects from negative to positive, or negative to positive on a scale of one to five. After rating the various objects our subject then watched a slide show containing twenty of the forty items they had to rate on the questionnaire. The slide show consisted of three groups positive negative controlled. During the slide show all subjects receives the same picture in a neutral state. The positive group received Positive priming, the negative group received negative priming and the controlled group received no priming just a steady picture.An African American boy outside of Cinci nnati, Ohi...After viewing the slide show our subject then repeated the questionnaire again to see if there perception of the objects had changed due to the slide show.Got A Clue: Stereotypical Priming In our society today stereotypes are way that people are able to organize and categorized different things in our daily lives. Some stereotypes maybe positive or negative but they are all influenced by societies reaction to various things. The perceptions people may have about various things in their environment is caused by the connotations others may have put on these items. These stereotypes then shape the way we perceive and interact with these items. Our goal was to see if we could counter-stereotype peoples perception of various objects. We hoped to achieve this through the priming technique. This is a technique in which a subject is asked to classify or...

Sunday, November 3, 2019

Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 23

Personal Statement Example Big chunk of my life has been focused on the interest of assisting people having difficulties maintaining a normal life due to their disabilities, temporary handicaps and the likes. I also thought of becoming a nurse but I realized that it would not really hit the specialization I want in the short time I can allot for schooling. Due to this, I volunteered in a place called â€Å"Occupational Therapy for Productive Living.† The facility specializes in Adults and Pediatrics with hand and wrist injuries, conditions of the shoulders, tuning up motor skills especially people with arthritis, sensory processing and visual perception. This experience assured me more that I was in the right field of work. The physical weariness was worth the experience. During my stay at the facility, apart from the things I learned hands on, I craved for the culture this career will give me and I realized that it would be a life-changing venture for me. Due to these, I was placed in a more solid ground. Thinking about my career, whether I will have this as my stepping stone and maybe shift my field of work in future if I realize I can’t stand it or not is no longer the issue. My journey from choosing what career I should take on, the job outlook and the hours I spent at Occupational Therapy for Productive Living led me to a decision that this is a career worth the work and that suits my interest. Having said all these, I know there is one more step towards the goal I want to achieve. Although, an assistant to the occupational therapist itself, I know I need to get into a program that would equip me more with the things I will need in continuing my passion of becoming an occupational therapy assistant. I should learn the details of what an occupational therapist does to be in unison with the specifics the job entails. One of the schools I have checked was Touro College due to its viable proximity to my location. With its good

Friday, November 1, 2019

[Political Economy] Derive Classical theorist Marx vs. Smith view to Essay

[Political Economy] Derive Classical theorist Marx vs. Smith view to analyze current political issues. Choose a News (from WSJ) - Essay Example Moreover, Karl Marx is a renowned Communist while Adam Smith is associated with Classical ideologies. Therefore, adequate analysis of articles will sufficiently bring out the difference between the two theorists regarding current trends in the society. Moreover, the essay will assess the debate between the different classes of thought Marx and Smith represent. To reflect claims above, the article in wall street journal titled, Politics Counts: the Red/Blue Retail Divide approaches issues affecting the rapid expansion of United States economy. United States is a two party state, which comprises of Democrats and Republicans. This article replicates that consumption of goods and services from the party supporters differs greatly. Consumer subcultures has diversified so much that it threatens communal coexistence in the country. Democrats and Republicans have adopted different ways of shopping which if not curbed early will threaten mutual understanding. From this article, Marx and Smith ideologies clash. America is a democratic state so every civilian has a right to engage in activities wanted as long as it does not ruin stability in the country. Adam Smith emphasizes on free market whereas Marx articulates economy where a ruling class should not exploit the proletariats. From this, allowing the party supporters to shop differently will aggravate political animosity in the country. Smith argues that free trade leads to increased economic prosperity while on the other hand Marx argues that allowing free trade and competition will lead to exploitation of workers by employers rendering them powerless. Conversely, labor should be part of the final product and employers need to conquer to step up free competition, accompanied by a social and political constitution adapted in it, and the economic and political sway of the bourgeois class (Theriault 37). The Wall Street also carried out an article putting Some Facts in the Tax-the-Rich Debate. This article emphasizes on tax fairness between the rich and the poor. For economic stability, the rich should be taxed a higher amount than the poor civilians. However, this sparked a debate between political elites among them president Obama who seconded the idea. This article has created a clash between classical and liberal theorists. Smith propagates on political economy where he says both political and economic systems should be integrated together to achieve political stability. He bestows all powers to political elites and entrusts them the privilege to make policies governing economic activities. Marx’s ideologies are against political economy because it concentrates property and power to a few individuals, which leads to classes for instance propertied and propertyless .Taxing the rich more than the poor will reduce the gap between the propertied and the propertyless in the society therefore, economic development will improve enabling all people access goods and services. There are classes in the world whereby the oppressed struggles to free themselves from the oppressors that make society â€Å"a manifold gradation of social rank† (Marx 14). The Wall street journal carried an article, States Get Say in Health Law. President Obama’s administration changed health policies, which will screen insurers’ considerations when charging insurance covers. Employer groups praised

Wednesday, October 30, 2019

The History of Money Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The History of Money - Assignment Example A trade deficit occurs when a country buys more than it sells. As of 2007 the total debt of the United States was $8.7 trillion (Youtube). If a new currency called Google Bucks appeared in the market I would probably be interested in owning the currency. The reason that I would be interested in Google Bucks is because I make a lot of online purchases. I would accept Google Bucks. I think that Google Bucks could be considered a form of money because it can be used to buy goods and services. The problem with the form of currency is gaining acceptance from the general public. Most people would not consider Google Bucks money if they cannot use the online currency to buy goods outside the internet. A way to legitimize Google Bucks is for the currency to be converted into U.S. dollars or other currency through ATM mechanisms. China benefits from the linkage of its currency to the dollar because its currency does not have to face competition from other currencies to keep its value. The Yuan does not have to compete in the foreign exchange market based on the internal economic conditions of China. China prefers to peg its currency and let the stable dollar become its shield to protect its economy. The United States benefits from this relation because China has become one of the top importers in the world due to the fact that the purchasing power of its people is rising. When the value of the dollar goes down the U.S. reaps the benefits of more Chinese people buying goods from the United States. I do not think that Google Wallet is going to be that influential in the lives of people. The application simply lets you buy goods online using other forms of money that you already have. The application itself does not constitute a new form of currency. Google is offering prepaid debit cards as one of the forms of currency. Prepaid debit cards are a concept that already existed which the banking industry has been using for decades. Some of the

Monday, October 28, 2019

Sexuality and literature Essay Example for Free

Sexuality and literature Essay In the domain of English literature sexuality is a prickle which broadens the horizon of mental set up and attitude. Every aspect of English literature and criticism governs with human passion and subject to sexuality for human regeneration of ideas. The entire metaphysical poetry ranging from john Donne to George Herbert explains the features of sexuality in sexuality and sexuality in sexuality. This phenomenon in history of English literature denotes inter sexuality and contextually with reference to sexuality which is related to feminist movement in the world of English literature, culture, philosophy and biblical  understanding in relation to old testament and new testament. The concept and content rejuvenates English literature in the fabrication of human bondage and humanistic trends respecting physical elements in human beings to a highest sense of veneration. This was the common practise of church farther throughout the catholic churches with nuns and pastors. The holy sense of living in English literature is related to biblical literature and criticism. Gospel of St. Mathew, St. John, st. paul etc. reveals the idea of wholly trinity the cross the Holy Spirit and Jesus Christ. The resemblance of this theological discipline in the parameter of English literature governs and administers celtic historic spirit in English literature. Therefore sexuality according to Christianity is the holiest act of performance and spreading the message of Jesus Christ to the world. The felicitation of stylistic history of Eng. Lit. Has a root in sexuality with purpose and motivation towards the god realisation in the jurisdiction of Eng. Lit. And biblical culture practised by catholic eminent personality of highest intellectual calibre throughout the world. The universal culture of this principle symbolises the pure  relationship between two sexes for bringing respectful citizen in the world of literature culture and social stratifications. In the field of Roman Catholic religion and tradition the entire gamut of Eng. Lit. Never disowns the message of sexuality as a negative aspect it is a subject of adoration in Eng. Lit. Because old Eng. Lit. , Middle English. Lit. romanticism neo classic Shakespeare play and sonnets miltons paradise lost, paradise regained Chaucer prologue to Canterbury tales Thomas hardy mayor of caustic bridge david Copperfield hard times, edgewells the invisible man.. Jane Austen Emma persuasion and pride and  prejudice, wuthering heights etc. all these literary text reveals sexuality in the form of living life with the purpose in English literature for realization and romantic vision of life. In the totality of existence Eng. lit. is the subject based on direct human perception at the physical plane of sexuality and counter intuitive sense of human relationship every character is consolidated in plot, characterisation, action, reaction, and conclusion similarly same incidence with great assertion we come across in t. s Eliot the confidationsal clerk , family reunion the waste land murder in the cathedral, etc. these works of t. s Eliot has a combination with our Indian philosophy because Eliot was well versed in Indian philosophy and integrated studies of Indian sexuality . in this connectivity t. s eliot joins the philosophical tenats of our indian culture with a mark of respct and great honor he was influenced by our upnishadikh philosophy he ends the west land by quoting upnishad with the exotations omm shanti shanti shanti this particular range of sexuality with philosophical elements harmonises the way of living in the glocal world of understanding in the truest sense sexuality is a way. Of life which cant not be lived with respct without spiritual regeneration of ideas it may b easterned or westerned way off sexuality but the common goal of humanity is to harmonise between sexuality and spirituality for universal human bondage for global peace and harmony through out the cosmos throughout the cosmos with cosmopolitan out look and humanistic sense of sensibility at large in the finale concept of sexuality in literature becomes comparative literary theses anti theses and synthesis to combine the nature human sexuality which is a natural gift from the divine it is totally universal transcending all human. Differtiation such as caste creed color and sex etc. the purpose of sexuality in literature is to practise and realise universalculture as reflected in evry cuture of the world this is the point to be investigated and immolated in our social economic political and administrative changes in the world. This is the pen ultimate exactitude and harmonisation between oxidental and oriental way of thinking in sense and philosophical calmness. In the convential sense this phenomenon logical approach. Exenorates tradition and individual talent advocated by t. s eliot in the universal fold of universalistic flow of ideas†¦

Saturday, October 26, 2019

Measure for Measure Essay: Immorality and Corruption -- Measure for Me

Immorality and Corruption in Measure for Measure      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In ‘Measure for Measure’, Shakespeare demonstrates that there is an innate immorality and corruption in the heart of man. Shakespeare illustrates that power does not cause corruption.   This is achieved by presenting the Duke, who has the most power in Vienna, as a moral hero, and conversely revealing the corruption of the powerless class through characters including Pompey, Mistress Overdone, and Barnadine.   Through all this, Shakespeare uses Lord Angelo in Measure for Measure to show that immorality and corruption is innate in mankind. It is worth noting that Lord Angelo's name evokes an image of purity and holiness.   Names are given at birth, and the idea that he is called angelic from the start, would argue against this doctrine of innate depravity.   But, as Shakespeare argues, it's a name that can't be lived up to because of natural passions and lusts, which ultimately leads to Angelo's hypocrisy.   The play opens up not only labelling Angelo with a pure name, but also as a puritanical deputy, who has been "elected" (1.1.18) to enforce the laws while the Duke is away.   This idea of "election" not only signifies the political decree of Vienna, but also a Pauline doctrine that relates to men and angels.   But what's even more interesting, is that when the apostle Paul writ... ...lives in spite of them.    Works Cited and Consulted: Black, James. "The Unfolding of Measure for Measure." Shakespeare Survey 26 (1973): 119-28. Leech, Clifford. "The 'Meaning' of Measure for Measure." Shakespeare Survey 3 (1950): 69-71. New American Standard Bible. Reference ed. Chicago: Moody Press, 1975. Shakespeare, William. Measure for Measure. The Arden Shakespeare. Ed. J.W. Lever. London: Routledge, 1995. Thomas, Vivian.   The Moral Universe of Shakespeare's Problem Plays.   London: Croom Helm, 1987. Wilders, John.   "The Problem Comedies."   In Wells, Stanley, ed.   Shakespeare: Select Bibliographical Guides.   London: Oxford UP, 1973.

Thursday, October 24, 2019

McEthics in Europe and Asia

McEthics in Europe and Asia: should McDonald's extend its response to ethical criticism in Europe? Introduction The â€Å"McEthics† case describes how Mc Donald's, the fast food industrys market leader, faces charges concerning growing health problems in Europe and Asia. 1) Set out the main criticisms that have been leveled at Mc Donald's in Europe. To what extent are these criticisms likely to be replicated in Asia? What differences can be predicted? There are four main areas of critique that have been leveled at Mc Donald's in Europe.First, the products are said to be fat and unhealthy, which fosters health problems, especially obesity and diabetes. Secondly, the labor conditions are heavily criticized. Mc Donald's has been accused of paying too little wages and being ‘strongly antipathetic' to unions. Harsh criticism also arose concerning the companies advertising. These accusations are based on the belief that Mc Donald's ‘exploits children' and uses false adve rtisement of its food as nutritious'. The last point of criticism is the firms ‘culpable responsibility for animal cruelty.Additionally, in France a whole wave of an anti-American sentiment aggravates the negative image of Mc Donald's. In Asia the main point of criticism that is replicated is health issues. The fat foods and emerging fast food culture is especially dangerous to children's health. In Europe traditions of protests and rebellions may help people change and the treedom ot speech. Moreover, governments nave a great interest in a healthy population because offering an expensive welfare and health care system.From our point of view these factors have led to a strong resistance against Mc Donald's which would never emerge in Asia in such an extent. ) Describe and evaluate the tactics used by McDonald's in responding to their critics in Europe? Will these work to the same degree in Asia? According to the case, Mc Donald's quickly reacted to criticism in Europe and star ted various campaigns in order to improve its image. For instance, they developed a healthier menu, introducing salads and fruit packages or launched sport initiatives and awareness campaigns.By contrast, in Asia Mc Donald's is reacting very slowly, not answering to the peoples concern. One possible explanation for Mc Donald's actions in Europe could be that European governments started taxing the fast food industry. In the meantime, Asian governments seem to show now interest in such measures. This observation is also a strong indicator that Mc Donald's campaigns in Europe are not truly altruistic. It rather seems that Mc Donald's is merely after profit and stakeholders satisfaction rather than providing healthy food. ) Should Mc Donald's offer healthy alternatives to the same extent in all the countries in which it operates, or Just those where it has been criticized in the past, or is it expecting further regulation? What if customers overseas do not want healthy options? Mc Dona ld's should offer healthy alternatives in every country as ong as customers accept and buy them. If customers do not want healthy options, Mc Donald's should offer other alternatives such like sport programs or simple information packages. Scientific research clearly proofs that fast food, consumed on a regular basis, is extremely unhealthy.Mc Donald's could be said to have an ethical responsibility to educate its customers about fast food and healthy alternatives. 4) How could Mc Donald's seek to avoid further criticism in the future? Can the company realistically present itself as an ethical corporation? Only if Mc Donald's operated as truly altruistic company, benefitting the community, could they avoid further criticism. As of now, Mc Donald's is only known to be vastly successful in the economic perspective of the triple bottom line. Mc Donald's is also committed to social and environmental perspectives.The Ronald McDonald House Charities for example provide healthcare etc. to children in need. Furthermore Mc Donald's 2009 Corporate Responsibility Report clearly states how Mc Donald's tackles the environmental issues and provides examples of Mc Donald's sustainable supply chain. However this is not what comes to mind when we think about this fast food chain. The solution to Mc Donald's problem is already in place. The catch is however that no one knows about the corporations' environmental and social efforts.Through proper marketing strategies Mc Donald's could earn a much better reputation with very little effort. 5) How sustainable is the fast food industry from the point of the triple bottom line? The triple bottom line combines the three factors of environmental, economic and social sustainability. The economic sustainability in the fast food sector has been proven in the past by Mc Donald's balance sheets. Concerning the environmental angle, one can argue that there is room for mprovement. For instance in Austria Mc Donald's is starting to use local products and has sorted rubbish for several years.There are programs in place to aid Farmers become more sustainable, bringing Mc Donald's supply chain to a high standard of environmental responsibili Concerning social sustainability, the tast t industry is lacking vision. They are providing healthcare to people in need but why not tackle the cause of these children's health problems? If the fast food industry could find a successful shift to truly healthy fast food, social sustainability could prove to be a contributing factor to the fast food industries profits.

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

Baptist Confessions

This essay will consider the English Baptist-Separatist Confession of 1609 and the Mennonite-Dordrecht Confession of 1633. (M) and (B) are used to distinguish the two documents. These two confessions, or statements of belief, are separated by only 24 years in time, and a relatively short distance geographically, one in Holland and one in England, yet there are a number of differences. It was John Smyth, a former Anglican minister, who drew up the Separatist confession. He later sought to align his church more with the Mennonites and after his death many of his congregation did become Mennonites.Despite this he is considered to be a founding father of the Baptist denomination. During the reign of Elizabeth I death was the penalty in England for those holding Anabaptist beliefs according to the Reformed Reader web site. The other document tells us in its heading that it came out of the Dutch Mennonite conference held at Dordrecht . The Mennonites were Anabaptist followers of Menno Simo ns, a Dutch religious reformer and former Catholic priest who had died some 72 years earlier in 1561. Between 1530 and the1590’s some 2,000 believers died for their faith in Holland according to the Continental European Protestantism web page.They were officially tolerated from then on, but many refused to fight in wars on Holland’s part, and preferred to flee elsewhere, some to Poland and the Ukraine and other to America. So both these confessions came at a time when official persecution was lessening. First of all one is much briefer than the other. Although it has some 20 sections the Separatist confession has only short discourses under each heading and runs to less than 2 pages of foolscap, whereas the Mennonite document, although it has only 19 sections is very much longer and more detailed.It is one of many Mennonite statements of faith. A much shorter version can be found on modern day Mennonite web sites. The first 6 of its articles are concerned with things g enerally believed. Then come articles concerned with the life of the church and includes the sacraments of baptism and communion. Articles 13 (M) onwards are concerned more with legal matters such as the relationship between believers and the secular authorities. The final section consists of a declaration of 1659 made by London based Anabaptists and is a refutation of accusations that had been made against them.Rather than a statement of belief it emphasises what they don’t believe e. g. that though they do not themselves practise infant baptism they believe that others should be allowed to follow their own consciences as they would wish to. They state very strongly that they are opposed to the Quakers, but at the same time wish to be tolerant and allow them to practice freely as they believe. They do come out strongly against ‘popery’, whom they blame for many deaths. Although concerned with freedom of conscience they are anxious to let it be known that they wi ll not support miscarriages of justice.This is in response to the fact that at the time of writing it Mennonites could be imprisoned simply for belonging to the group according to Cornelius Dyck in ‘An Introduction to Mennonite History’, pages 133 and 134. The Mennonites, although sticking to what they believe, are anxious to get on with rest of society. They have a section (13) (M) stating that God has allowed secular people to be in authority. In practice this means that though Mennonites will not go to war they will work under secular authorities in such areas as disaster relief and issues of social justice.Baptists too are concerned with such matters as in such organisations as the Baptist Missionary Society. The English Baptist statement spends a larger proportion of its text upon matters of faith and these are given priority. Only three articles, numbers 16-18, (B) are concerned with church business, i. e. who may dispense the word and the sacraments, how to deal with persistent sinners and how to interact with them in civil matters. The Mennonites also make statements of faith of course, but these are intermixed to some extent with such matters as the election of officers and dealing with sinners.On the latter subject the Mennonites are quite strict , referring to the separation from and the total shunning of reprobates, though they do put this in a positive light as being a way of making the person make amends and not in order to cause their destruction ( articles 16 and17 (M)). The Baptists are more pragmatic in their approach. They describe in article 17 (B) how to deal with those who persevere in their sins, but go on to say in the next article that such people are not to be avoided in worldly business.Regarding church practices an obvious difference is the inclusion of foot washing by the Mennonites, article 11,(M) which they felt was commanded by Christ in John 13 v 1- 15. They are one of several Christian groups throughout history wh o have practised this symbolic act, although it seems unlikely that it was included among the practices of the early church. The Baptists make no mention of marriage, despite the fact that many branches of the church consider it to be a sacrament. The Mennonites on the other hand state that it is God ordained and that St Paul allowed it within the church.(Article 12 (M)) They do state though that it should be between Christians who share common doctrine. In practice this means of course fellow Mennonites. Regarding Baptism the English Baptists make it very clear that it cannot be given to infants ( Article 14 (B)). The Mennonites in their confession ( Article 7 (M)) do not directly mention infants, but make it clear that it is for those who understand what they are doing and confess to faith, whereas this Baptist confession merely says that it is an external sign of the remission of sins, but makes no mention of public confession of faith.The Baptist confession describes its ministe rs as bishops and also mentions deacons and widows. (Article 16 (B)) It describes the church simply as ‘a company of the faithful’,( Article 12(B)) and gives the whole body authority to make decisions. ( article 13 (B)). The Mennonites refer to the church in much more elaborate language as the bride of Christ and the inhabitation of God in the Spirit. The Mennonites refer to the church leaders in slightly different terms as teachers, deacons and deaconesses, though they do make it clear further on that the latter term refers to widows.They refer to Jesus as the Bishop ( Article 9 (M)) and it is men who will do the teaching. There are of course many areas in which the two documents are in agreement. E. g. both refer to God as a trinity and as creator and that good works come out of faith rather than the other way round. In Article 5 (B) the Separatist states that there is ‘no original sin’ i. e. one is not a sinner by descent. This is in total contrast to Ar ticle 2 (M) of the Mennonite confession which states that because of the disobedience of Adam and Eve sin came into the world and has descended to all mankind, though both agree that man can be redeemed through Christ.The Mennonites are very concerned that faith is up to the individual, which explains their tolerance to the state and willingness to pay taxes etc. ( Article 13 (M)) Regarding communion, Menno left the Catholic church in part because of his lack of belief in the actual presence of Christ in the elements. The Mennonite document speaks rather of a holy supper,(Article 10 (M)), as commanded by Christ and in memory of what he had done.Smyth describes it on the other hand as ‘an external sign of the communion of Christ and of the faithful’ – Article 15 (B) and makes no mention of it being either a command or a memorial. Mennonites do not take oaths and quote scripture to back this up. They ask that others will understand and just take them at their word. Another area mentioned by the Mennonites and not by the Baptists is what they refer to as revenge, but which perhaps their fellow countrymen saw as justified war fare. The Mennonite statement in article 14 (M) explains their scriptural reasoning for this stand.Baptists would agree with them, but for some reason it is not mentioned. Many of the differences in these two documents are simply due to the type of authorship – one man as against a committee, the later being careful to check with each other before committing themselves to final wording, not omitting any point considered valid, hence the more complex language and greater length. Ye both groups would agree about many things – the need for faith and understanding before baptism, the greatness of God and the unique nature of Christ and his redeeming action.Both share a belief in the resurrection and in life eternal, even though they express this in slightly different ways, the Mennonites backing up their statemen ts with scripture and the Baptists seemingly taking this as understood. These two groups came into being because of the Reformation and new ideas that were around at that time, especially with regard to the onus on an individual to come to faith, rather than being automatically part of the church, because he had been baptised as an infant, without either faith or understanding on his part.The biggest difference between the two seems to be with regard to man’s sinful nature and how he acquired it.. Baptists and Mennonites continue to worship and live according to their conscience. Not every Christian would agree with every word written in these confessions, but it is to be hoped, that like the writers and followers they would be tolerant in Christian love. Biblography Dyck, Cornelius J. An Introduction to Mennonite History, Herald Press, Pennsylvania,1993Electronic Sources Central European Protestantism, Mennonites found at http://philtar. ucsm. ac. uk/encyclopedia/christ/cep/ menn. html retrieved 28th September 2007 Mennonites found at http://mb-soft. com/believe/text/mennonit. htm retrieved 28th September 2007. English Baptist Separatist Confessions found at The Reformed Reader http://www. reformedreader. org/ccc/esbc. htm retrieved 28th September 2007